detroit free press marathon results 2015

Furthermore, Lee and Mohai determined that EPA designated brownfield sites were most likely to be in impoverished, minority neighborhoods in the DMA. Downey also found that Detroit’s black neighborhoods were disproportionately burdened with toxic releases as reported in the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Toxic Release Inventory. In 2006, Wu and Batterman revealed that non-white, K-12 schools located in impoverished neighborhoods of Detroit were more likely to be exposed to auto and commercial truck traffic emissions compared to non-impoverished neighborhoods. In addition, low-income black communities in Detroit’s east and southwest sides were significantly more burdened with traffic particulate matter (PM 10, PM 2.5) compared to other parts of the city. In 1998, Mohai and Bryant showed that the proportion of black and/or low-income residents increased with proximity to polluting industrial facilities, commercial hazardous waste facilities, and abandoned/uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. In the Detroit Metropolitan Area (DMA), studies have found a similar pattern despite great opposition. Black residents in particular, living in hypersegregated and poor urban communities with discriminatory zoning and land-use practices and limited social mobility are unable to explore external economic opportunities, contributing to concentrated poverty and more hazardous industrial-related employment opportunities. Residents living in such communities have limited bargaining power-even with community organized resistance-to prevent polluting industries from purchasing low-cost land. For example, in the Northeast and Midwest regions of the United States, disinvestment in older industrial cities has resulted in depressed urban communities, typically minority communities characterized by high unemployment, low-tax base, declining public infrastructure and retail flight to suburban areas. Environmental injustices appear to be consistent across a variety of stakeholders under similar structural conditions. In the United States and worldwide, hazardous waste sites and polluting industries are disproportionately located in areas with a high proportion of poor and minority populations a phenomenon referred to as “environmental injustice”. Conclusions: This lead-hazard and neighborhood context assessment will inform future childhood lead exposure studies and potential health consequences in the DMA. These lead levels result in decreased reproductive and growth rates in plants and animals, and neurological deficits in vertebrates.

Across the DMA there are many areas where annual lead deposition was substantially higher than recommended for aquatic (rivers, lakes, etc.) and terrestrial (forests, dunes, etc.) ecosystems. The findings from this research showed three years of elevated airborne emission concentrations in these neighborhoods to equate to a predicted 1.0 to 3.0 reduction in IQ points for children living there. Results: Lead emitting facilities were primarily located in, and moving to, highly black segregated neighborhoods regardless of poverty levels-a phenomenon known as environmental injustice.

Global Moran’s I bivariate spatial autocorrelation statistics were used to assess modeled emissions with increasing segregation. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate local racial residential segregation, controlling for poverty. Methods: Lead emissions were modeled from emitting facilities in the DMA using AERMOD (American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model). Further, this study characterizes the racial and socioeconomic composition of recipient neighborhoods and estimates the potential for IQ (Intelligence Quotient) loss of children residing there. Objective: The purpose of this research is to geographically model airborne lead emission concentrations and total lead deposition in the Detroit Metropolitan Area (DMA) from 2006 to 2013.

Detroit free press marathon results 2015